Imagine a doctor who only ever gives painkillers – no diagnosis, no lab work, just something to make the ache go away for a few hours. In business processes, we do something similar when we keep patching the same complaint without ever finding out why the problem keeps coming back. This chapter is about moving from firefighting to real healing. We’ll learn to dig past surface symptoms, uncover the root cause of a process breakdown, and use structured tools that help teams decide where to invest their improvement energy first.